Perennial herb, tufted 35 cm - 1.5 m tall

Leaves: alternate, two-ranked. Sheaths keeled or compressed. Ligules to 3 mm long, membranous, erose (appearing unevenly cut or incised) along the margins or fringed with hairs. Blades 8 cm - 0.5 m long, 2 - 12 mm wide, folded or flat, parallel-veined, smooth or minutely rough, sometimes sparsely softly hairy basally.

Inflorescence: a dense, branched arrangement of spikelets (panicle), terminal and axillary, 9 - 40 cm long, one-third to three-fourths as wide as long.

Fruit: a caryopsis, indehiscent, enclosed within the persistent lemma and palea.

Culm: stout, 35 cm - 1.5 m long, compressed.

Spikelets: nearly stalkless, green and tinged purple or purple, 1.5 - 4 mm long, lance-shaped.

Glumes: unequal, herbaceous. Lower glumes to three-fourths as long as spikelets, three-veined, midveins keeled. Upper glumes nearly equal to or slightly longer than lower lemmas, often spreading slightly apart at the apex, minutely rough at the apex, five-veined, midvein keeled.

Lemmas:: Lower lemmas similar to and nearly equal to or slightly shorter than upper glumes, often spreading slightly apart at the apex, minutely rough at the apex, five-veined, midvein keeled. Upper lemmas clasping upper paleas for all their length, stiff, thick, shiny, with rolled-up margins on the upper surface.

Paleas:: Lower paleas small, to two-thirds as long as lower lemmas, transparent. Upper paleas longitudinally lined.

Florets:: Lower florets sterile. Upper florets bisexual, sometimes stalked, 1.5 - 2 mm long, 0.5 - 1 mm wide, to three-fourths as long as spikelets, pointed at the apex, shiny, with a tuft of minute hairs at the apex. Anthers three. Stigmas red.

Similar species: No information at this time.

Flowering: June to October

Habitat and ecology: Moist to wet areas.

Occurence in the Chicago region: native

Etymology: Panicum comes from the Latin word panis, meaning bread, or panus, meaning "ear of millet." Rigidulum means "somewhat rigid."

Author: The Morton Arboretum

Coarse, densely tufted perennial to 1.5 m; lvs mostly crowded toward the base; sheaths glabrous, strongly compressed; ligule short, membranous, erose; blades narrow, 2-4 dm, sometimes exceeding the panicle, scaberulous on the margin; panicle 1-3 dm, pyramidal or narrow, its branches scabrous; spikelets lance-ovoid, green to purple, 1.8-3 mm, on pedicels half to twice as long; glumes and sterile lemma shortly to long-acuminate, sharply veined and somewhat keeled; first glume half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, conspicuously longer than the often shortly stipitate fr; 2n=18. Wet soil; Me. to Mich., s. to Fla. and Tex. (P. agrostoides; P. condensum; P. stipitatum)

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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