Frequent to rare in rich woods throughout the state, usually found in beech and sugar maple woods and sugar maple and basswood woods.

Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 5

Wetland Indicator Status:

Delicate herbs 5-15 cm at anthesis, taller at maturity; lvs broadly ovate in outline, 10-20 cm at maturity, much smaller at anthesis, their segments linear or spatulate; primary rays 1-2 cm; pet 3-4 mm; fr 5 mm wide, usually exceeded by the persistent bractlets. Rich woods; N.Y. to s. Mich., s. to D.C., Ala., and Ark. Mar., Apr.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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