Plants perennial, cespitose, (10-) 20-80 cm, base thickened, not bulbous; rhizomes absent. Leaves nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms; sheaths distally ciliate, backs mostly glabrous; ligule line of short hairs; blades narrowly linear, 2-3 mm wide, flat to broadly involute, scabrid ciliate, adaxially smooth or hirtellous. Inflorescences: anthelae compound, dense or open, ascending-branched, longer than broad; scapes slender, 1 mm wide, slightly compressed distally; proximalmost involucral bract exceeding anthela. Spikelets pale drab brown to chestnut brown, ovoid-lanceoloid, 4-8 mm; fertile scales broadly oblong or ovate, 2 mm, acute to obtuse angled, glabrous, midrib reaching scale tip or excurrent, finely mucronate. Flowers: stamens 1-2; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate. Achenes white to brownish, lenticular, obovoid, 1-1.2 mm, cancellate, each face longitudinally with (5-)10-12 ribs, connected by vertical rows of horizontally rectangular pits. 2n = 20, 30.

Fruiting summer-fall, into winter southward. Moist, usually sandy waste areas, roadsides, low fields, and savannas; 0-200 m (to 2000 m, tropics); introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex.; Mexico; West Indies; Bermuda; Central America; South America; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia.

Fimbristylis dichotoma is found in temperate to tropical regions worldwide. It is one of the most widespread and weedy species of Fimbristylis, unquestionably with many races and forms. The two commonest forms in the United States often occur in mixed populations, one sort with inflorescence branches more ascending, inflorescence dense, habit lower, and leaves broader; the other sort usually taller, inflorescence more sparse, branches more widely spreading, and leaves more ascending and narrower. The abundance of such plants both in regions where rice originated and in regions where rice is, or was, introduced, indicates an Asian origin for such weeds.

Common Name: annual fimbry

Duration: Perennial

Nativity: Non-Native

Lifeform: Graminoid

General: Caespitose annual, 5-50 cm, with soft base.

Vegetative: Leaves nearly distichous, half length of stems, sheaths bristly ciliate apically, backs glabrous; ligule present, complete, blades narrowly linear, 1-1.5 mm wide, flat to shallowly involute, margins ciliate-scabrid, surfaces glabrous above and below.

Inflorescence: Simple or compound anthelae (lateral flowering branches exceeding main axis), mostly open diffuse, ascending-branched, longer than broad; scapes slender, 1 mm thick, angular; terete spikelets tan to brown or red brown, ovoid to lance-ovoid, 3-8 mm; fertile scales broadly oblong to ovate, 2 mm, acute to obtuse angled, smooth; flowers with 1-2 stamens, styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriate, achenes white to brown, often iridescent, lenticular to pyriform-obovoid, 1 mm with 5-12 longitudinal ribs per side.

Ecology: Found in moist sand below 3,500 ft (1067 m); flowers August-September.

Notes: Distinguished from other Fimbistylis by the compound umbels. Thought to be of Asian origin, but generally widespread in the temperate to tropical regions of the world. (FNA)

Ethnobotany: Unknown

Etymology: Fimbristlis comes from Latin fibriae for shreds, or fringe, and stilus for style, referring to the ciliate style, while annua means annual.

Synonyms: Fimbristylis annus, Fimbristylis alamosana, Fimbristylis baldwiniana, Fimbristylis laxa, Scirpus annuus

Editor: SBuckley, 2010