Ephedra californica S. Watson
Family: Ephedraceae
California Joint-Fir,  more...
[Ephedra californica var. californica ]
Ephedra californica image
Brent Miller  

Shrubs erect, 0.25--1 m. Bark gray-brown, cracked and irregularly fissured. Branches alternate or whorled, semiflexible to rigid, angle of divergence about 45°. Twigs yellow-green, becoming yellow, then yellow-brown with age, glaucous, with numerous very fine longitudinal grooves; internodes 3--10 cm. Terminal buds conic, 2--3 mm, apex acute. Leaves in whorls of 3, 2--6 mm, connate to 1/2--3/4 their length; bases at first membranous, then becoming thickened, completely deciduous; apex acute. Pollen cones 1--several at node, ovoid, 6--8 mm, on short, scaly peduncles; bracts in 8--12 whorls of 3, light orange-yellow, ovate, 2--3 × 2--3 mm, membranous, slightly united at base; bracteoles equaling or slightly exceeding bracts; sporangiophores 3--5 mm, exserted to 1/3 their length, with 3--7 sessile to short-stalked microsporangia. Seed cones 1--several at node, ovoid, 8--10 mm, on very short, scaly peduncles; bracts in 4--6 whorls of 3, circular, 5--7 × 5--10 mm, papery, with orange- to green-yellow center and base, slightly clawed, margins entire. Seeds 1(--2), nearly globose, 7--10 mm diam., brown, smooth.

Coning March--April. Dry slopes and fans to valley grasslands; 50--1000 m; Calif.; Mexico in Baja California.

Ephedra californica image
Brent Miller  
Ephedra californica image
Charles Webber  
Ephedra californica image
J. E.(Jed) and Bonnie McClellan  
Ephedra californica image
Charles Webber  
Ephedra californica image
J. E.(Jed) and Bonnie McClellan