Bractlets of the epicalyx 0-3, usually caducous; stamen-column bearing anthers at the summit; pet usually emarginate; carpels 10-15, densely stellate on the back, at maturity differentiated into a lower, indehiscent, fertile part comprising at least half of the whole, reticulate on the sides and commonly tuberculate on the back, and a terminal, sterile, dehiscent part with plane sides; herbs with crenate or dentate to deeply parted lvs and a terminal raceme or thyrse of yellowish or brick-red fls. 60, New World and S. Afr.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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