Plants 20-100 cm; in clones of scattered clumps, eglandular; rhizomes creeping, tangled, scaly, often becoming thickly woody, or thick, woody caudices. Stems 1-4, erect or ascending, often reddish, simple, straight to stict, proximally glabrous, distally ± sparsely strigillose (at least arrays). Leaves basal and cauline, blades with adaxial midvnerves raised (grooved abaxially), sometimes with 1-2 ± parallel pairs of more obscure secondary nerves (veins obscure), lance-ovate or linear-lanceolate to linear, coriaceous, margins usually entire, sometimes remotely spinulose-toothed, often revolute apically, indurate, scabrous, apices acute, acuminate or obtuse, indurate, abaxial faces glabrous or glabrate, adaxial sparsely scabridulous (hairs minuscule, basal 'bulb' bearing terminal seta); basal withering by flowering, petioles marcescent, ± winged; proximal petiole bases sheathing, blades 50-175 × 3-12 mm, bases attenuate or cuneate; cauline progressively sessile and reduced distally, 25-125(-150) × 1.5-8 mm, bases clasping to subclasping. Heads 1-35+ in elongate, usually racemiform to spiciform, sometimes ± flat-topped, corymbiform arrays, branches robust, ascending. Peduncles 2-80 mm or subsessile; bracts 0-4, linear-lanceolate, 10-35 × 0.5-2 mm, mucronulate, grading into phyllaries. Involucres hemispheric, 8-12(-15) mm, shorter than pappi. Phyllaries 48-64 in 4-6 series, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate (outer) to oblong or lanceolate-linear (inner), unequal, coriaceous (outer) to membranous (inner), bases indurate, rounded (outer), green zones slightly expanded, in ¹ / 2 - ⁴ / 5 distal portions (outer), margins indurate, scabrous or scabroso-ciliate, edges and apices purplish in inner, apices ascending or squarrose to strongly reflexed, acute to acuminate, mucronulate, faces glabrous. Ray florets 15-30; corollas usually violet-purple, seldom white, (10-)13-15(-20) × 1.3-3 mm. Disc florets (40-)52-80+; corollas light yellow turning brown, 5.8-6.6 mm, ± ampliate, tubes (1.7-2.2 mm) shorter than narrowly campanulate throats (3.4-4 mm), lobes erect, lanceolate and cuspidate or acuminate, 0.7-1.2 mm. Cypselae brown, cylindro-obovoid to fusiform, slightly flattened, 2.6-3.7 mm, ribs 9-16 (stramineous to olive, crowded), faces ± densely strigillose; pappi of tawny to cinnamom (coarse, rigid, sometimes apically clavellate) bristles 6-7.5 mm, equaling disc corollas. <

Flowering late summer-fall. Dry to mesic, less commonly in moist, sandy-loamy soils, open habitats, open oak-pine or oak-hickory woods, bottomlands, prairies, pastures, roadsides; 0-800 m; Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., Kans., Ky., La., Miss., Mo., Okla., Tenn., Tex.

Eurybia hemispherica is of conservation concern in Florida, Georgia, and Kentucky. A. Cronquist (1980) stated that this species and E. paludosa are difficult to separate but geographically distinct (see under 21. E. paludosa). The two species are often treated as infraspecific taxa of E. paludosa. Eurybia hemispherica is diploid and tetraploid, while E. paludosa has been reported only as a tetraploid. There is great morphologic variation in E. hemispherica, from slender individuals, reminiscent of E. paludosa, to very robust, distinctive plants. Arrays in E. hemispherica are usually racemiform; well-developed ones may be distally corymbiform and resemble the arrays of E. paludosa, although the proximal part remains somewhat racemiform (i.e., proximal heads borne on short, simple branches, or tufts of leaves are present). Phyllaries in E. hemispherica may be superficially similar to those of E. paludosa, but often the outer phyllaries are similar to peduncular bracts (and in fact may have been recruited from such), being more triangular, coriaceous, and parallel-veined, a feature never encoutered in E. paludosa; such phyllaries strongly resemble those of E. eryngiifolia. Other characters may help distinguish the two species. Eurybia paludosa usually has thin peduncles, hirtello-puberulent to villoso-hirsute peduncles and phyllaries, and ciliate phyllary margins along the indurate bases. In E. hemispherica, the pedicels are thin to usually robust, when present, the phyllaries are glabrous to sparsely strigillose, and the phyllary margins along the indurate bases are scabrous or scabroso-ciliate, not long-ciliate.

Perennial from scaly, often nodular-woody creeping rhizomes, 2-8 dm; stem commonly glabrous or nearly so, or short-hairy only just beneath the heads; lvs ±basally disposed, firm, glabrous or nearly so, grass-like, linear or nearly so, not veiny, only the midrib evident, entire or occasionally some of them remotely spinulose-toothed, to 20 cm (overall) and ca 1 cm wide, the lowermost sometimes deciduous, the lower tapering to a ±petiolar, sheathing base, the others progressively reduced and sessile; heads several in an elongate-racemiform infl (or the infl with spiciform or racemiform branches); invol campanulate or campanulate-hemispheric, 9-12 mm, glabrous, its bracts seldom much imbricate, linear-oblong, loose and often distally spreading, firm with chartaceous base and green tip, or the outer nearly wholly green, the outer more acute than the inner, the larger ones 1.5-2.5 mm wide; rays 15-35, deep lavender or purple, 1-2.5 cm; achenes glabrous or slightly strigose; pappus coarse and firm, the larger bristles flattened and often slightly clavellate; 2n=18 + 0-4 B. Prairies and open woods, less commonly in moist, low ground; Mo. to Tex., La., Tenn., and w. Fla. Closely allied to A. paludosus Aiton, of the coastal plain from N.C. to Ga., with broader, more corymbiform infl.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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