Perennial to 8 dm, colonial from slender creepers; lvs linear-oblanceolate, gradually tapering from above the middle to the base, the lower ones commonly whorled; flowering part of the raceme compact, the axis soon elongating and the globose frs remote; fls blue, on pedicels 2-4 mm; cor 8-10 mm, excluding the blunt, broadly conic, strongly curved 2-5 mm spur; palate well developed, closing the cor-throat; seeds sharply 3-angled, transversely rugose; 2n=12. Native of Europe, becoming established as a weed in Nf. and N.B., s. locally to Mass. Summer.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

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